Preparation of Standard Solutions

Preparation of Standard
Solutions

Acetaldehyde
Standard Solution (100 ppm C₂H₄O): Dissolve 1.0
g of acetaldehyde in sufficient 2-propanol to produce 100ml and
dilute 5.0ml of the solution to 500.0 ml with 2-propanol.

Alumlnium
Standard Solution (2 ppm Al): Dilute 2
volumes of a 0.176 per cent w/v solution of alumlnium
potassium sulphate in 0.1 M sulphuric
acid to 100 volumes with water.

Alumlnium
Standard Solution (10 ppmAl): Dilute 1
volume of a 1.39 per cent w/v solution of alumlnium
nitrate to 100 volumes with water.

Ammonium
Standard Solution (1ppm NH₄):Dilute 10.0ml of a
0.0741 % w/v solution of ammonium chloride to 25.0 ml with ammonia-free
water. Dilute 1 volume of the resulting solution to 100 volumes with ammonia-free
water immediately before use.

Arsenic
Standard Solution (1 ppm As): Dilute J
volume of arsenic standard solution (10 ppm As) to
10 volumes with water.

Arsenic
Standard Solution (10 ppm As): Dissolve 0.33
g of arsenic trioxide in 5 ml of 2M sodium hydroxide and dilute
to 250.0 ml with water. Dilute 1 volume of this solution to 100 volumes
with water.

Barium
Standard Solution (10 ppm Ba): Dilute 1.0 ml
of a 0.178 per cent w/v solution of barium chloride to 100.0 ml with water.

Cadmlum
Standard Solution (10 ppm Cd): Dilute 2.0 ml
of a 0.228 per cent w/v solution of cadmlum
sulphate to 200.0 ml with water.

Calcium
Standard Solution (10 ppm Ca): Dissolve
0.624 g of dried calcium carbonate in distilled water containing
3 ml of 5 M acetic acid and dilute to 250.0 ml with distilled water.
Dilute 1 volume of this solution to 100 volumes with distilled water.

Calcium
Standard Solution (100 ppm Ca), Ethanolic: Dissolve 2.50
g of dried calcium carbonate in 12 ml of 5 M acetic acid and
dilute to 1000.0 ml with distilled water. Dilute 1 volume of this
solution to 10 volumes with ethanol (95 per cent).

Chloride
Standard Solution (5 ppm Cl): Dilute
1volume of a 0.0824 per cent w/v solution of sodium chloride to 100
volumes with water.

Chloride
Standard Solution (25 ppm CI): Dilute 5
volumes of a 0.0824 per cent w/v solution of sodium chloride to 100
volumes with water.

Copper
Standard Solution: Dissolve 1.965 g of cupric sulphate,
accurately weighed, in sufficient 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to produce
1000.0 ml. Transfer 3.0 ml to a 1000 ml volumetric flask and dilute to
volume with 0.1 M hdyrochloric acid.

Copper
Standard Solution (10 ppm Cu): Dilute
1volume of a 0.393 per cent w/v solution of cupric sulphate
to 100 volumes with water.

Digitoxin
Standard Solution; Digitoxin Reagent: Dissolve 0.125
g of digitoxin RS in sufficient glacial acetic
acid to produce 100.0 ml. Dilute 4.0 ml of this solution to 100.0 ml with glacial
acetic acid. To 25.0 ml of the resulting solution add 3.0 ml of water and
mlx well.

Digoxin
Standard Solution: Dissolve 0.125 g of digoxin
RS in sufficient glacial acetic acid to produce 100.0 ml. Dilute 4.0
ml of this solution to 100.0 ml with glacial acetic acid. To 25.0 ml of
the resulting solution add 3.0 ml of water and mlx
well.

Formaldehyde
Standard Solution (5 ppm CH₂O): Dilute 1
volume of a solution containing 3.0 g of formaldehyde solution in
1000.0 ml to 200 volumes with water.

Iron
Standard Solution (2 ppm Fe): Dilute
1volume of iron standard solution (20 ppm Fe) to
10 volumes with water.

Iron
Standard Solution (8 ppm Fe): Dilute 4
volumes of iron standard solution (20 ppm Fe) to
100 volumes with water .

Iron
Standard Solution (10 ppm Fe): Dissolve
7.022 g offerrous ammonium sulphate in water containing 25 ml of 1M sulphuric acid and add sufficient water to
produce 1000.0 ml. Dilute 1 volume to 100
volumes with water. Contains iron in ferrous state.

Iron
Standard Solution (20 ppm Fe): Dilute 1
volume of a 0.1726 per cent w/v solution of ferric ammonium sulphate in 0.05 M sulphuric
acid to 10 volumes with water. Contains iron in ferric state.

Lead
Standard Solution: On the day of use, dilute 10 ml of lead nitrate stock
solution with water to 100 ml. 1 ml of lead standard
solution contains the equivalent of 10 !lg of
lead. A control comparison solution prepared with 2.0 ml of lead standard
solution contains, when compared to a solution representing 1.0 g of the
substance under examlnation, the equivalent of 20 ppm of lead.

Lead
Standard Solution (1 ppm Pb): Dilute
1volume of lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) to 10 volumes with water.

Lead
Standard Solution (2 ppm Pb): Dilute I
volume of lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) to 5 volumes with water.

Lead
Standard Solution (10 ppm Pb): Dilute I
volume of lead standard solution (100 ppm Pb) to 10 volumes with water.

Lead
Standard Solution (20 ppm Pb): Dilute 1
volume of lead standard solution (100 ppm Pb) to 5 volumes with water.

Lead
Standard Solution (100 ppm Pb): Dilute 1
volume of lead standard solution (0.1 per cent Pb)
to 10 volumes with water.

Lead
Standard Solution (0.1 per cent Pb): Dissolve 0.4
g of lead nitrate in water containing 2 ml of nitric acid and
add sufficient water to produce 250.0 ml.

Nickel
Standard Solution (10 ppm Ni): Dilute I
volume of a 0.478 per cent w/v solution of nickel sulphate
to 100 volumes with water.

Nitrate
Standard Solution (2 ppm N03): Dilute
1volume of nitrate standard solution (100 ppm NOJ)
to 50 volumes with water.

Nitrate
Standard Solution (100 ppm N03): Dilute
1volume of a 0.163 per cent w/v solution of potassium nitrate to 10
volumes with water.

Phosphate
Standard Solution (5 ppm P04): Dilute
1volume of a 0.143 per cent w/v solution of potassium dihydrogen
phosphate to 200 volumes with water.

Silver
Standard Solution (5 ppm Ag): Dilute
1volume of a 0.079 per cent w/v solution of silver nitrate to 100
volumes with water.

Sulphate
Standard Solution (10 ppm S04): Dilute I
volume of a 0.181 per cent w/v solution of potassium sulphate
in distilled water to 100 volumes with the same solvent.

.Sulphate Standard Solution (10 ppm
S04), Ethanolic: Dilute 1 volume of a 0.181 per
cent w/v solution of potassium sulphate in ethanol
(30 per cent) to 100 volumes with ethanol (30 per cent).

Tin
Standard Solution (5 ppm Sn): Dissolve 0.5
g of tin in a mlxture
of 5 ml of water and 25 ml of hydrochloric acid and add
sufficient water to produce 1000.0 ml. Dilute 1 volume of this solution
to 100 volumes with a 2.5 per cent v/v solution of hydrochloric acid.

Zinc
Standard Solution (10 ppm Zn): Dilute
1volume of zinc standard solution (100 ppm Zn) to
10 volumes with water.

Zinc
Standard Solution (25 ppm Zn): Dilute 25
volumes of zinc standard solution (100 ppm
Zn) to 100 volumes with water.

Zinc
Standard Solution (100 ppm Zn): Dissolve
0.440 g of zinc sulphate in water containing
1 ml of 5M acetic acid and add sufficient water to produce 100.0 ml.

Dilute 1 volume of this solution
to 10 volumes with water immediately before use.